![]() The orientation of the constrictor muscle fibers is such that the inferior fibers of one muscle are overlapped on the outside by the superior fibers of the next muscle down, producing a “funnel-inside-a-funnel” arrangement that directs food down in an appropriate fashion. The pharyngeal raphe is attached along its length to the pharyngobasilar fascia and is thus anchored to the pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the skull. From these narrow anterior origins, the fibers of the constrictor muscles fan out as they travel back around the pharynx and attach to the corresponding muscles of the opposite side at the midline pharyngeal raphe. nerve Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Pharyngeal branch of vagus. The glossopharyngeal nerve enters the wall of the pharynx here, between the superior and middle constrictor muscles. The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle arises from the pterygomandibular raphe, the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle from the hyoid bone, and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle from the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Levator veli. The circularly running muscles help to constrict the pharynx, and their sequential contractions propel food downward into the esophagus. ![]() The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is primarily ciliated columnar epithelium and is specialized for olfaction in the roof of the nose and on the upper surface of the superior concha. ![]() This bulge is bounded from below by a groove, the hiatus semilunaris. origin: arises as the smaller of the two branches of the superior laryngeal nerve at the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, the only muscles that can open the vocal folds, are innervated by this nerve. The superior laryngeal nerve produces of two branches: the internal laryngeal nerve (its sensory branch) which supplies sensory. It arises from the middle of the inferior ganglion of vagus nerve and additionally also receives a sympathetic branch from the superior cervical ganglion. The middle meatus typically has a bulge in its lateral nasal wall, the bulla ethmoidalis, which is created by the presence of ethmoidal air cells. The recurrent laryngeal nerves supply sensation to the larynx below the vocal cords, give cardiac branches to the deep cardiac plexus, and branch to the trachea, esophagus and the inferior constrictor muscles. The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve. Innervation to the musculature acting on UES to facilitate its opening during swallowing comes from A. Proximal portion of cervical esophagus D. The spaces between the conchae and the lateral wall of the nose are called the meatuses. Which of the following is a part of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) physiologically A. This allows the nose to humidify and clean the inhaled air and also to change the air to body temperature. The lateral wall of the nose has three bony projections, the conchae, which increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa and help to create turbulence in the air flowing through the nose. The nasal septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer bones. It extends back to the choanae, which allow it to communicate with the nasopharynx. The nose is bounded from above by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and from below by the hard palate.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |